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9
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failure of the human psyche
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10
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the transition to new manufacturing processes beginning 200 years ago
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11
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meaning “Southern Ape,” a genus of apes which evolved into humans
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15
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an Italian sailor who argued that Columbus’s new lands were an unknown continent; America is named in his honor
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16
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believes that humanity is collective, and seeks equality for all humans.
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17
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the cooperation networks sustaining societies based on the belief in shared myths
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18
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believes that humans can degenerate into subhumans or evolve into superhumans.
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19
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popularly referred to as “Neanderthals,” bulky and muscular humans that were well adapted to the cold climate of Ice Age western Eurasia
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20
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believes that “humanity” is the quality of individual humans; Humans have an inner core with a voice of humanity. There are chief commandments of liberal humanism that protect this inner voice, called “human rights.”
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22
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beginning 500 years ago; the historical process in which humankind has obtained enormous new powers by investing resources in scientific research
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23
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the appearance of new ways of thinking and communicating between 70,000 and 30,000 years ago
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26
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the belief that Homo Sapiens are fundamentally different from all other animals, that their unique nature is most important, and the rest of the world exists solely for our benefit
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27
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a system of figures and signs that provided a way to store and process information outside of people’s brains
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28
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a natural-law religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama; the goal is to achieve a state of mind with no craving called “nirvana”
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29
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the belief that the entire universe is a battleground between the two forces of good and evil
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30
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anything that people are willing to use in order to systematically represent the value of other things for the purpose of exchanging goods and services; the most universal and efficient system of mutual trust ever devised
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1
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Latin for the species “wise man”
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2
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the network of artificial instincts (coming from fictions) that enables millions of strangers to cooperate effectively; the diversity resulting from behavior patterns
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3
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the most unique feature of the Sapiens language; the reason why people can cooperate flexibly in large numbers, unite, and rule the world, unlike other animals.
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4
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admiral of the Chinese Ming dynasty who led seven huge armadas from China to Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea, and East Africa.
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5
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a new partial script representing the numbers 0-9 invented by the Hindus but refined by Arabs into the basis of mathematical notation
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6
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Latin for many gods; the belief in or worship of more than one god
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7
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about 10,000 years ago; the transition of Sapiens beginning to devote almost all their time and effort to manipulate the lives of animals and plants
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8
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the simultaneous avowal of different and even contradictory ideas
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12
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the third great unifier of mankind; a system of human norms and values that is founded on a belief in a superhuman order
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13
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a heading in which species that evolved from a common ancestor are bunched together under
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14
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the belief that almost every place, every animal, every plant, and every natural phenomenon has awareness and feelings, and can communicate directly with humans History, the unstoppable alterations, and development of cultures
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21
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the belief that there is only one God
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24
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something that everyone believes in, and as long as this belief persists, it will exert force in the world.
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25
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a political order that rules over a certain number of people, and is characterized by flexible borders
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