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1
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Distance that light travels in a vacuum in a year, about 9.5 trillion kilometers
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5
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Explosion so violent that the dying star becomes more brilliant than an entire galaxy
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10
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The speed at which a galaxy is away is proportional to its distance from us
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11
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Brightness of a star as it appears from Earth
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13
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Dense remnant of a high-mass star that has exploded as a supernova
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14
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Sun’s central region where nuclear fusion happens
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16
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Dying star surrounded by a cloud of glowing gas
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19
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Large cloud of gas and dust spread out over a large volume of space
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20
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Used to determine how stars or galaxies or approaching or moving away from Earth
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22
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A set of dark lines that show where light has been absorbed
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24
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The universe began in an instant, billions of years ago, when the universe was about two thirds of its present size
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25
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A spinning neutron star that appears to give off strong pulses of radio waves
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26
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The middle layer of Sun’s atmosphere
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28
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Large bright stars that are smaller and fainter than supergiants
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29
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Outer layer of Sun’s interior
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31
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Diagonal band on H-R diagram
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