|
|
|
4
|
the buying, transporting, and selling of Africans for work in the Americas.
|
|
5
|
the shift that occurred as families in northwestern Europe focused on earning wages instead of producing good for household consumption.
|
|
6
|
merchants loan materials to rural workers who make products and give back to merchants to sell.
|
|
7
|
Ended the Seven Years’ War in Europe
|
|
8
|
transformation of large numbers of small peasant farmers into landless rural wage earners.
|
|
9
|
organization of artisanal production into trade-based associations, or guilds, each of which received a monopoly over its trade and the right to train apprentices and hire workers.
|
|
11
|
belief in free trade and competition based on Adam Smith’s argument that the invisible hand of free competition would benefit all individuals.
|
|
12
|
peasants using hand made tools to make supplies to sell.
|
|
13
|
Form of serfdom that allowed a planter or rancher to keep his workers or slaves in perpetual debt bondage by periodically advancing food, shelter, and a little money.
|
|
14
|
English laws that controlled the impact of goods to Britain and British colonies.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
1723-1790. One of the best known critics of government regulations of trade and industry; a leading figure of the Scottish enlightenment.
|
|
2
|
fencing in fields in order to farm more effectively.
|
|
3
|
1674-1741. A true son of the early enlightenment, he adopted a critical attitude toward accepted ideas about farming and tried to develop better methods through empirical research.
|
|
4
|
period in Europe from the mid-seventeenth through the mid-nineteenth centuries during which great agricultural progress was made and the fallow, or idling of a field to replenish nutrients, was gradually eliminated.
|
|
10
|
English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia (1770) for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands. (1728-1779)
|
|
|
|
