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2
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the use of modern molecular biology techniques in gene mapping
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3
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any of several organic compounds, especially the nitrogen bases uracil, cytosine, and thymine
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5
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the process in which fragments of DNA from one or more different organisms are combined to form recombinant DNA
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6
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transgenic plants are crossed with elite breeding lines to combine the desired traits of elite parents and the transgene into a single line
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7
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the step in which ligase is used to link the DNA strands and the cloning vector
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8
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the transfer of genetic information from a DNA molecule to a molecule of messenger RNA
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9
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modifying or creating a gene
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11
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a protein that functions to cut DNA at or near a specific nucleotide sequence called a restriction site
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12
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the rearrangement of DNA within a chromosome or the transfer of a segment of one chromosome to a nonhomologous one
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13
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the process of inserting the gene into the plant
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14
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any of a number of nitrogenous bases, such as guanine and adenine, that are constituents of nucleic acids and certain coenzymes
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15
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the first step in this process is to lyse or break open the cell
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