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5
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study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe.
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7
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light-independent reactions during phase two of photosynthesis in which energy is stored in organic molecules as glucose.
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10
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in photosynthesis, the major electron carrier involved in electron transport.
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11
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metabolic process in which pyruvate is broken down and electron carrier molecules are used to produce ATP through electron transport.
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12
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process in which NAD+ is regenerated, allowing cells to maintain glycolysis in the absence of oxygen.
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13
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two-phase anabolic pathway in which the Sun's light energy is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell.
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16
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metabolic process that does not require oxygen.
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18
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light-absorbing colored molecule, such as chlorophyll and carotenoid, in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplast.
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19
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anaerobic process; first stage of cellular respiration in which glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.
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1
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in chloroplasts, one of the stacked, flattened, pigment-containing membranes in which light-dependent reactions occur.
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2
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ability to work, energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed
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3
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enzyme that converts inorganic carbon dioxide molecules into organic molecules during the final step of the Calvin cycle.
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4
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catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell.
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6
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all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism.
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8
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energy-carrying biological molecule, which, when broken down, drives cellular activities.
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9
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one of the stacks of pigment-containing thylakoids in a plant's chloroplasts.
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14
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series of reactions in which pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide inside the mitochondria of cells; also called the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the citric acid cycle.
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15
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a metabolic that requires oxygen.
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17
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fluid-filled space outside the grana in which light-dependent reactions take place.
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